Importance of the Great Exhibition of 1851

Importance of the Great Exhibition of 1851 Provide some details of the Great Exhibition of 1851, and say why it was so important. The Great Exhibition of 1851 was the world’s first world exposition. The Great Exhibition of 1851 was an international exhibition that took place in Hyde Park, London. The 1851 was means the years and The Great Exhibition of 1851 was from 1 May to 11 October 1851. The Great Exhibition of 1851 was mainly focus on the worlds cultural and industrial technology. In The Great Exhibition 1851, Britain wanted to tell all of the public, the success of the achievement after The Industrial Revolution, and that were to become a prevalent 19th-century feature. The Great Exhibition was enormously influential on the development of many aspects of society including art and design education, international trade and relations, and even tourism. The Great Exhibition 1851 was organized by Henry Cole and Prince Albert, husband of the reigning monarch, Queen Victoria. The aim of this activities was to celebrate the new trend of modern industrial technology and design. Maybe due to the Prince and the Queens aides very enthusiastic to promote this fair can be profitable, finally persuaded the British government on January 3, 1850 Royal Commission was set up to organized the Expo 1851, Accordingly greatly enhance the feasibility of the plan, and this committee Britain was included most prestigious engineers Isambard Kingdom Brunel. The Crystal Palace was very important for the Great Exhibition of 1851. Joseph Paxtons design is inspired by the Amazon water lily Victoria, found the water lily can support huge leaves, when Joseph Paxton checking underneath, there are radiation-like elongated blade support ribs hard to obtain a design inspired, and application in architecture. Joseph Paxtons plan for the garden, fountains, terraces, small waterfalls and other skills was very good, in this Crystal Palace have many elm was planted, acreage approximately nine acres. The Crystal Palace also has a lot of small fountains and waterfalls, the highest up to 250 feet height, initial water tower construction as load-bearing problems and collapse, after deliberations , the two powerful towers, is divided into three reservoirs, namely the north and the south end of the place, as well as the central part of the garden, to spread the weight. The main idea is to find the power structure, durability, simplicity and speed. Firstly, The Crystal Palace was a famous building in the Great Exhibition of 1851, The Crystal Palace was made by iron and glass. The building used the area of nine hundred thousand square feet, the equivalent of eighty-four thousand square meters of glass or eight half-standard football field. Included the iron prop have three thousand three hundred, Iron beams two thousand three hundred and covers seventy-four thousand square meters, width and length are about 408 feet, 1851 feet equivalent to 125 meters, 564 meters, has around 3-story building. This is a very extensive building in 19th-century. Secondly, This design and building were very fashionable and originality on 19th-century. Since It is an important symbol of the Industrial Revolution, it was originally pavilion for the first time in 1851 World Expo held in London, the official name of this World’s Fair Exposition of Great Exhibition of the Works of Industry of all Nations. In five months, from May to October 1851, six million visitors throng the gigantic trade show, marveling over the latest technology as well as displays of artifacts from around the world. Until to 1936, the Great Exhibition had previously attracted numerous various social classes of tourists come to visit. Thirdly, World Expo visit year only six months, the building was supposed to be disposed. But but the final decision was made to subvert by parliament, Within two years, meet again by Queen Victoria opening ceremony this was long-term exhibition, for London, especially the addition of the two railway stations. this is one of the still running Crystal Palace railway station now, another station is the gateway to the parade area, today all of the passengers can still see its Italian style mosaic roof. Finally, Among the exhibits, almost every Victorian’s generation left are surprising for the visitors, there are included pottery, porcelain field, iron factories, steam hammer, hydraulic, perfume, pianos, houses, diving gear, guns, barometers, Textiles and fireworks etc. On the other hand, The Crystal Palace was have a lot other problems to affect contemporary design and develop the building. Firstly, in the items of the materials, the traditional earth, wood, brick, stone was replaced by iron and glass. Although is not of the first to used iron as a building material, however, used the iron prefabricated frame was unprecedented. Its effects open to suspicion since it is a unprecedented case, they can not have a successful case to support they when they are develop the building. Secondly, in terms of construction, traditional brick and stone stack technology is rivet, sleeve and screw fittings, fasteners replaced as the house as a machine to install. It is an unsafe practice as the Crystal Palace has around 3-story building and mainly items of the materials were a iron and glass, the Crystal Palace have a lot of visitors to visit, so the structure of the building must be very safety. Finally, In November 1936 the Crystal Palace was tragically destroyed in a spectacular fire. the Crystal Palace was made by iron and glass which are building materials. When the light from the sun is direct exposure on the Crystal Palace, it will initiate a fire and the iron is not to receive a high temperature, it is easy to become deformed. The result is the fire will spread so fast. However, Royal Exhibition Building in Melbourne, Australia Expo again inherited the London Crystal Palace style. The difference is mainly due to Crystal Palace is not a permanent building, the main materials were iron and glass, all set up was for the convenience and short-term used, was not a long-term used and was not a one of the Exhibition Building. World Expo and a number of cities in Europe after several decades of years, many of the pavilion type buildings are modeled on glass frame structure by Crystal Palace. Royal Exhibition Building is a permanent building with solid walls and roof. Until today, the Royal Exhibition Building is still standing in the Riccarton Park Melbourne. A hundred years ago, making it increasingly fascinating Victorian’s elegance. In all of the buildings in Melbourne, its influence comparable to stabilizer. In June 2004, Royal Exhibition Building was included in the World Heritage List of the United Nations, Australia has become the only ranked as the worlds cultural heritage buildings. The Crystal Palace in London had only provided a venue for the Expo exhibits show, but has become the first World Expo of the most successful works and exhibits, it not only witnessed to the infinite glory of the Victorian era has also become a symbol of the world exposition. Today, the modern city building is very fast, however, if we can careful to inquiry, we can observe many of todays building materials and methods are within from the impact of the Crystal Palace, Although The Crystal Palace was a historical buildings, yet in a different form changing Joseph Paxtons creative ideas. In this sense, the Crystal Palace is still alive in our side, and will long continue.

The cholinergic drug

The cholinergic drug A cholinergic drug is a drug that acts on the peripheral nervous system, the central nervous system, or both and enhances the effects that are mediated by acetylcholine. It is also known as cholinergic agent, parasympathomimetic drug or cholinergic agonist. [1][2] It can work in two ways; either acting directly by mimicking the effects of acetylcholine at one or more acetylcholine receptors present in the body, or acting indirectly by blocking/inhibiting the enzyme acetylcholine that is responsible for the degradation/ hydrolysis of acetylcholine. [1][2] Depending on the type of receptor to act on, cholinergic drugs are either classified as muscarinic agonists or nicotinic agonists. [6] Anticholinergic drugs: An anticholinergic drug is a drug or an agent that competes with the neurotransmitter acetylcholine for its binding sites at synaptic junctions thereby suppressing or inhibiting its activity and thus preventing the transmission of parasympathetic nerve impulses. [3][4] Depending on the type of receptor to act on, anticholinergic drugs are either classified as muscarinic antagonists or nicotinic antagonists. [6] Pilocarpine: (Chemical formula=C11H16N2O2) Introduction: Pilocarpine is a naturally occurring alkaloid which is extracted from the South American shrub named Pilocarpus jaborandi. It is a non-selective cholinergic parasympathomimetic agonist that binds to muscarinic-M3 receptors and results in contraction of smooth muscles and stimulation of various exocrine glands. [5] The drug is available in the form of eye drops, tablets, suspensions and gel. It has a slow onset of action which is about 10 to 15 minutes but has a longer duration of action of about 6 to 8 hours, and therefore can be given thrice a day. It is inactivated at neuronal synapses and in plasma and is excreted in urine. Pilocarpine can be used in combination with other sympathomimetics, carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, miotics, beta-blockers, or hyperosmotic agents. [8] History: In 1875, Mr. Gerrard discovered pilocarpine from the leaves of Pilocarpus jaborandi. At that time, he believed that there were at least two alkaloids present in this plant. At the same time, M. Hardy isolated pilocarpine. In 1876, the isolated pilocarpine alkaloid was introduced to conventional ophthalmology for the treatment of glaucoma. 1879, Straws, while doing an active research concerning the sudoriferous secretion in cases of facial paralysis, was the first to employ local medication with pilocarpine and published relevant results. Chemical synthesis of pilocarpine: Although pilocarpine looks like a simple molecule but it has a complex chemical synthesis. This is because of the stereospecific construction of the imidazole moiety that is cis to the ethyl group on the butyrolactone ring which makes its synthesis difficult and challenging. The starting reagent for its synthesis is 2-acetylbutyrolactone which undergoes selenenylation by reacting with phenylaelenenyl chloride to produce a seleno lactone 2-acetyl-2-(phenylselenyl) butyrolactone with a yield of 94%. This is then subjected to oxidative elimination of selenoxide in the presence of cyclo-pentadiene and hydrogen peroxide to produce a mixture of endo and exo bicycle ketones in a ratio of 2.3:1. Pyrolysis (flash vacuum thermolysis) of these ketones produces a white solid 3-acetyl-2(5H)-furanone with a yield of 95%. This ketone is then reduced under mild conditions by treating it with an asymmetric reducing agent (+)-?-chlorodiisopinocamphenylborane, which is used particularly for chiral redu ctions, to produce (3R)-3-(1-hydroxyethyl)-2(5H)-furanone in 60% chemical yield and an optical purity of >92% that was determined by NMR analysis. Next, a stereocentre is introduced at C4 of the (3R)-3-(1-hydroxyethyl)-2(5H)-furanone by the Claisen rearrangement at its vinyl ether which produces an exocyclic double bond and the (4R)-acetaldehyde side chain. Both of them are necessary for the formation of the imidazole ring. This will result in a 2:1 mixture of (4R)-(Z)-dehydrohomopilopic aldehyde and (4S)-E-diastereomer in 71% yield. Hydrogenation of (4R)-(Z)-dehydrohomopilopic aldehyde in the presence of pyridine/benzene (1:1) solution at 25?C at 1atm for 1 hour produces (3s,cis)-Homopilopic aldehyde. Finally, when (3s,cis)-Homopilopic aldehyde is reacted with 1,5-disubstituted imidazole under aprotic conditions, it results in the formation of pilocarpine in 61% yield. [9] Structure-activity relationship (SAR): The nitrogen on the imidazole ring is protonated before interacting with the muscarinic receptor. There is a strong ionic interaction between the charged nitrogen atom and an anionic side group of an aspartate residue in the receptor. The methyl substitute on the nitrogen is positioned in an open region of the binding site. Hydrogen bonding interactions exist between the ester group of pilocarpine and an asparagines residue of the cholinergic receptor. A small hydrophobic pocket exists in the receptor site which can accommodate the methyl group of pilocarpine. The drug has a correct pharmacophore for the muscarinic receptor with a separation between nitrogen and oxygen being 4.4?A. [6] Mechanism of action: Pilocarpine is a direct acting cholinergic agent that resembles acetylcholine and therefore binds to the same muscarinic neuroreceptor and results in its stimulation. In eye, it causes contraction of the iris sphincter muscle and therefore results in miosis (pupil constriction). Clinical uses: Pilocarpine has been used in the treatment of both acute closed-angle and chronic open-angle glaucoma. [8] Glaucoma is a condition when the aqueous contents of the eye cannot be drained. This result in increased intraocular pressure which causes optic nerve damage and can lead to side vision damage (peripheral vision damage) and if not treated, can result in central vision damage and leads to irreversible blindness. [6] Pilocarpine is also used to treat xerostomia which is a condition characterised by dryness of the oral mucosa. The drug acts on cholinergic receptors in the glandular parenchyma thereby increasing the salivary secretion. [7] Pilocarpine hydrochloride (Salagen) tablets are prescribed to the patients suffering from Sjà ¶gren syndrome (SS) in order to treat their symptoms of xerostomia (dry mouth) and xerophthalmia (dry eyes). Sjà ¶gren syndrome (SS) is a chronic, autoimmune, rheumatic disorder in which immune cells attack and destroy the exocrine glands that produce tears and saliva. This in turn makes the individual susceptible to various infections and if untreated may also lead to other complications like bacterial sialadenitis, bacterial conjunctivitis, stomatopyrosis (burning mouth), oral candidiasis, oral ulcers, periodontal disease, accelerated dental caries, corneal ulceration or perforation, malnutrition, weight loss and sleep disruption. [5] Pilocarpine is also used to diagnose cystic fibrosis (CF). [8] Cystic fibrosis is a common hereditary disease which is characterised by scarring (fibrosis) and formation of cyst within the pancreas. The disease is characterised by shortness of breath, frequent chest infections, sinus infections, salty tasting skin, normal appetite but poor growth and poor weight gain, excess mucus production, diarrhea and infertility in males. [14] Sweat test method is used to diagnose of disease in which the drug stimulates sweat glands in order to measure the concentration of chloride and sodium that is excreted in the sweat. Pilocarpine is often used as an antidote for Atropine, Hyoscyamine and Scopolamine poisoning. [8] Adverse effects: Since pilocarpine is a non-selective muscarinic receptor anonist, its use can result in a wide variety of side-effects which can include lacrimation, excessive perspiration, excessive salivation, bronchospasm, increased bronchial mucus secretion, muscle tremors, tachycardia, hypertension, diarrhea, blurred vision and eye pain, browache and miosis when used chronically as an eye drop. When pilocarpine is used in the form systemic injection, it can cross the blood-brain barrier and reach the brain where it can lead to chronic epilepsy. [13] Suggestions for design of new drugs: Pilocarpine has significant delivery problems associated with its low lipophilicity. Its bioavailability in the eye is low, duration of action is fast due to its rapid elimination from the eye and above all, it has serious side effects like miosis and myopia. Based on the knowledge of dependence of drug delivery with physicochemical properties of the drug, a prodrug approach can be used to improve the delivery characteristics of pilocarpine. A prodrug should be designed such that it has a higher lipophilicity than pilocarpine which would enable it to cross the corneal membrane with ease, should have sufficient aqueous solubility so that it could be formulated as eyedrops, should be able to convert back to the active parent drug within the cornea, should have a controlled release and a prolonged duration of action. [10] Curare: Introduction: Curare is a nicotinic antagonist. It is a crude, dried extract from a plant called Chondrodendron tomentosum. [6] It is a mixture of 70 alkaloids. [11] The active principle in curare is tubocurarine (C37H41N2O6). [6]The antidote for curare poisoning is an acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor (anti-cholinesterase), such as physostigmine or neostigmine. [15] The drug is available in the form of solutions and intravenous injections. It has an onset of action of about 4 to 6 minutes and duration of action of about 80 to 120 minutes. It is eliminated through kidney and liver. History of curare: During the sixteenth century, the South American indigenous people used curare as a paralyzing poison where they killed the prey by dipping the arrows or blowgun darts in curare. [16]The prey is killed due to asphyxia in which the respiratory muscles fail to contract. [16] In 1780, Abbe Felix Fontana studied the effects of curare on heart, voluntary muscles and nerves and found that it affects the voluntary muscles of the body as compared to the other two. [15] In 1800, Alexander von Humboldt reported the method used by the Orinoco River natives to prepare the curare toxin from its plant source.[16] During 1811-1812 Benjamin Collins Brodie (1783-1862), a leading English surgeon, experimented with curare. [16]He found that curare paralysed the respiratory muscles but the heart continued to beat for a while. [16]He was the first to show that if the animals respiration is maintained artificially, recovery is complete. [16] In 1850, George Harley found that tetanus or strychnine poisoning can be cured by using curare. [15] From 1887 the Burroughs Wellcome catalogue listed under its Tabloids brand name, tablets of curare at 1/12 grain (price 8 shillings) for use in preparing a solution for hypodermic injection. [15] In 1939, Henry Hallett Dale reported the antagonistic effect of curare on acetylcholine. [15] Mechanism of action: Curare is a non-depolarizing muscle relaxant that blocks the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. The main toxin of curare, d-tubocurarine, is a competitive antagonist of acetylcholine and so occupies the same position on the receptor as the neurotransmitter but does not switch it on. The overall effect on the body is the same as it would be in the absence of acetylcholine. [15] History of tubocurarine: In 1935, Harold King of London was experimenting on a sample of curare in Sir Henry Dales laboratory and was not only able to isolate tubocurarine in its pure form from the crude drug but also discovered its chemical structure. [16] In 1912, tubocurarine was used for the first time in medicine. [15] In 1942, tubocurarine was used along with anaesthetics in surgical procedures to relax muscles. [15] Structure-activity relationship: The structure of tubocurarine is shown in fig. Although the molecule does not have an ester group to bind to the nicotinic receptor, but it has two positively charged nitrogen atoms, one of which is a tertiary nitrogen atom while the other is a quaternary nitrogen. One of them binds to the anionic binding region of the nicotinic receptor while the other binds to a nearby cysteine residue that is 0.9-1.2nm away. Such an intreraction is so strong that it makes up for the lack of the ester binding interaction. Also, the distance between the two positive centres is 1.15nm which is also important for the activity of the drug. [6] Indication Curare is used in the diagnosis of myasthenia gravis, [17]which is an autoimmune disease in which antibodies are produced against acetylcholine nicotinic post synaptic receptors at the neuro-muscular junction. [18] Curare is also used in surgical procedures in association with general anesthesia in order to facilitate in the relaxation of abdominal muscles when it is not possible with inhalation anesthesia. [12] Adverse effects: Curare has undesirable side-effects, the most common of which include hypotension (by ganglion-block and histamine release), bronchoconstriction (by histamine release), skeletal muscles paralysis and asphyxia (impaired breathing). [15] Suggestions for design of new drugs: Tubocurarine has undesirable side effects because it also acts as an antagonist at the nicotinic receptors of the autonomic nervous system. Also, its deactivation depends on metabolic mechanisms involving enzymatic deactivation and/or excretion, the efficiency of which varies from patient to patient and is particularly poor for patients with low levels of plasma esterases or kidney failure. Therefore, a self-destruct mechanism can be introduced into the design of a new drug for its sufficiently rapid breakdown. If a good electron withdrawing group is introduced on to a carbon that is beta to the quaternary nitrogen centre, Hofmann elimination is possible under the slightly alkaline pH of blood (pH = 7.4) and body temperature. The electron-withdrawing groups will function to increase the acidity of the hydrogen on the beta-carbon such that it is easily lost. Thus by introducing such a group, the drug is inactivated and is unable to bind to its receptor due to the loss of the positive charge on the quaternary centre and is split into two molecules. Thus deactivation occurs at a constant rate between patients. [6]

Human Nature and Moral Theory in Plato’s Republic Essay -- Plato Repub

Human Nature and Moral Theory in Plato’s Republic In Chapter 2 of Republic, Glaucon uses the Myth of the Lydian Shepherd to portray a pessimistic view of human nature. Plato, the author of Republic, uses his brother Glaucon to tell the Myth of the Lydian Shepherd. We are led to believe that Plato takes the myth and its implications on human nature very seriously by use of a personal character. The argument, originally given by Thrasymachus, contends that at the root of our human nature we all yearn for the most profit possible. It also contends that any man will act immorally if given free reign. The theory proves unplausible due to circularity in the argument and implications that prove untrue. Thrasymachus approaches Socrates, the main character of Republic and most of Plato's work, during a conversation on the topic of morality. The aggressive Thrasymachus interjects his own opinion; morality is "the advantage of the stronger." (Republic 338c) Upon clarification, Thrasymachus lays out his view of socially created moral relativism, as opposed to Socrates' moral objectivism. Thrasymachus illustrates his view by citing how different types of government create laws serving purposes specific to each government, "a democracy passing democratic laws, a dictatorship making dictatorial laws†¦ In doing so each government makes it clear that what is right and moral for its subjects is what is to its own advantage." (Republic 338e) Thrasymachus also argues that it is advantageous to live an immoral life rather than a moral one. He says, "morality and right are actually good for someone else†¦ and bad for the underling at the receiving end of the orders†¦ the opposit e is true for immorality: the wrongdoer lords it over those ... ...l men desire power and superiority. However this argument raises inconsistencies because Thrasymachus' Argument implies that every person in power attained that position motivated by the desire to commit large-scale immoral actions. The Collapse Argument shows that the implications of Thrasymachus' Argument lead to an inevitable social collapse. Since not all societies have collapsed, some other motivation must have impelled individuals to seek positions of power. In addition, Thrasymachus could not adequately support the second premise of his argument without a defense that leads both Premise 2 and conclusion C to circularity. Thus the argument presented by Thrasymachus and Glaucon is implausible, and the moral relativism that emerges from their line of reasoning is not proven. Work Cited Bloom, Allan. The Republic of Plato, New York: Basic Books, 1968.

Odyssey Essay -- essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The legend of The Odyssey tells the fortunate homecoming tale of the Trojan war hero, Odysseus. In the poem, there were similarities, yet many contradictions. There were many great women that had conflicting personalities and adverse motives, but also they were alike. There were many great men that hold successful fortune, but here were also ones that failed. With these oppositions they helped Odysseus to get back home to Ithaca, whether they wanted to or not. These women from the novel that have opposing qualities, yet help Odysseus get home and finish off the suitors, are Penelope and Clytemnestra, Circe and Calypso, and Eurycleia and Melantho. This similarity of situation: Agamemnon = Odysseus; Orestes=Telemakhos.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Clytemnestra is a disloyal wife and a cruel woman, while Penelope is a devoted spouse and a wonderful lady. When King Agamemnon goes away to fight at Troy, his wife, Clytemnestra, has an affair. When he returns, she kills him, not even letting him see his son after ten long years. â€Å"†¦Poseidon did not drown me in the sea, no enemy struck me down on dry land; but Aigisthos plotted my death with my accursed wife†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (132). Meanwhile, when Odysseus goes to Troy, his wife Penelope is loyal for twenty years. Clytemnestra also kills all of Agamemnon’s friends and followers, while Penelope had rude suitors in her house and she never once harmed them for the three years that they ate her out of house and home. The one thing that the two women has in common was that they are both very witty and smart; Clytemnestra for planning the massacres and Penelope for the weaving of the shroud. â€Å"†¦I used to weave the web in the daytime, but in the night I unravelled it by torchlight. For three years I kept up the pretence, and they believed it†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (216). With their conflicting personalities the women did help Odysseus to return. When Agamemnon told Odysseus Clytemnestra’s tale in the Underworld, it makes him think about what his wife is doing and it gives him an extra push to get home. In Penelopeia’s case, Odysseus hopes that she would remain faithful and he wants to get home to his loyal wife. Both women have many conflicting personality traits, but their actions give Odysseus a reason to hurry up in his homecoming.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Although Circe and Calypso are both goddesses and both keep Ody... ... knowledge she passes on to him, was a factor in his decision making of the death of the suitors. Melantho shows Odysseus how cruel men can be and she makes him aware of all the traitors within the household. With these two opposite influences of the women he decides to kill all the suitors and the disloyal maidservants. There were many women in â€Å"The Odyssey† who helped Odysseus make it back to Ithaca and end the tribulation in his household, but these were the most important ones. Without their influences and their different approaches on dealing with him, he might not have handled the situation like he did, or even worse, he might have never made it home. The women play a strong role in â€Å"The Odyssey† and they deserve recognition. Women in this time are a lot like the women in ancient Greece; they have more freedom and play a more predominate role in society. illustrates the culture patriarchal of male and female equality in ancient Greece. On one hand, men of the mortal world and Zeus and the other male gods can get away with promiscuous behavior, while on the other hand society expects females to be faithful at all times. The poet introduces two types of heronic homecoming.

Piracy of Digitized Music Essay -- Music Piracy, Digitized Music, MP3,

The music industry has developed in a series of technological advances, from the development of vinyl to the digitization of music and the creation of formats such as compact disc (CD), digital audiotape, and minidisk (Leyshon 2001). Although the digitized music facilitates consumers, it causes the appearance of piracy and the drop of sales. The subject of piracy has occurred for a certain period. Since 1920's, music piracy has appeared into the world with the production of cassette tapes, voice recorders, and CDs, which brought a new kind of event to court. Moreover, music piracy has become a worldwide issue due to the development of downloading music via the internet. Music piracy is something that affects the entire world record industry and is known incompletely by most of people. In accordance with the debates around music piracy, there are many different views on this issue. This paper will analyse the reasons that people pirate music and illustrate the impacts on the music industry. Additionally, it hopes to spread the exact knowledge about music piracy to audiences. Negative Effects According to the RIAA, the industry has to suffer losses by nearly $4.2 billion because of global music piracy. Firstly, pirates are the first to encounter losses due to the severe suppress from recording industry and law enforcement officers. Secondly, consumers also lose personal interests, because the costs of authorized music products will go up along with the Internet downloading of music with shortcut savings. Moreover, piracy could impact negatively on those retailers that give strong backing to their products, whose prices have no competitive power with that of piracy music provided by illegal vendors or free illegimate downloa... ... lot of retailers have gone out of business that is not for internet downloading. Many retailers cannot compete with the discounted prices or special offers record companies give to large established companies such as Best Buy, Walmart, Tower, and Target. As a result, piracy in music industry makes the long term album sale increase, access and exposure of out of print music and it influences the independent and other lesser known artists positively. Conclusion To summarise, piracy in music industry has occurred a long time since 1920’s, which could go via the production which can record and spread music, and internet. It will destroy both the music industry and anything that relies on the music industry; however, it has also caused a number of positive impacts on music industry that increase the sale of album and the popularity of artists and music companies.

Informative Speech on Taekwondo

Informative Speech Taekwondo Introduction Have you ever seen a martial arts demonstration, or hear of a demonstration team? Well, let me start off by telling you what a demonstration, or demo, team is and what they do. A demo team is a group of elite martial artists chosen to represent the school of martial arts to which they attend to the public during martial arts demonstrations. During these demonstrations they perform impressive feats that wow the audience such as, difficult board breaking techniques and impressive techniques learned through the study of the martial art they are representing.During my high school years I had the pleasure of being one of these elite martial artists. In the demonstrations I participated in I did things from, breaking boards in impressive ways, such as jumping over three people and doing a flying side kick through a board held by someone on the other side of them, to choreographed fighting and even actual sparing. All of these experiences of my were a part of my experience with a martial art known worldwide as taekwondo. Related article: Informative Speech About African CultureAccording to an academic journal titled: 2004 Olympic Tae Kwon Do Athlete Profile written in 2009, â€Å"Tae kwon do, a form of Korean martial art originally designed for warfare and self-defense, has in recent times become a well-recognized sport and has become more popular since its official introduction into the 2000 Sydney Olympic Games. † First I'm going to give you a brief history on what Taekwondo is, then I'll talk to you about what taekwondo is, and finally, I will be sharing what practitioners of taekwondo normally do. Body I.Tae kwon do was originally designed for use in Korea's armed forces, but is now practiced worldwide and has become extremely popular as a sport and a way of self defense. A. Shortly after the Japanese occupation of Korea ended in 1945 the South Korean government ordered all of the major martial arts schools in the country to get together and make one universal martial art that they would t hen begin teaching to their military. B. This style that was made from all the different styles in the country at the time soon became known as taekwondo and quickly gained popularity. II.So I bet your all wondering what the heck taekwondo means. Well, according to martialartsresource. com, â€Å"‘Tae' means â€Å"foot† or â€Å"to strike with the feet†. â€Å"Kwon† means â€Å"hand†, or â€Å"to strike with the hand†. â€Å"Do† means discipline, art, or way. Hence TaeKwonDo (foot-hand-way) means literally â€Å"the art of the feet and the hands† or â€Å"the art of kicking and punching†. † A. Tae kwon do is a marital art that deals primarily with kicking. B. The focus on kicking is designed with the thought in mind that the leg is the longest most powerful weapon a martial artist has at his/her disposal. . This fact means that a martial artist that is very good with his legs can strike an opponent while he is stil l outside of his opponents range. 2. While remaining outside of your opponent's rang you can deal highly damaging blows without having to take any powerful blows from your opponent. III. Tae kwon do customs differ slightly depending on where it is taught. A. Tae kwon do practitioners generally practice bare foot and in places like gymnasiums. B.The uniforms worn by practitioners used to be the kind that you fold over and tie together, but because of the sport-like nature of it these days they uniform style of the V-neck is becoming increasingly popular. C. Practitioners of taekwondo generally take part in sparring matches. 1. There's a lot of gear you have to wear when sparring, these include: helmet, mouthpiece, chest guard, gloves, cup and shin guards. 2. There are also plenty of rules involved in sparing to make sure it is as safe as it can be. These include: no punching the face, no groin shots, no locks, no clinching, etc.Conclusion Today we learned that taekwondo is a martial arts style that involves mostly kicks, where it originated, and what some of the customary practices are. One last bit of information I want to leave you with is that, according to the American Taekwondo Association's Website that was last updated sometime this year, â€Å"Taekwondo is currently the most popular martial art in Korea, and ranks among America's and the world's most popular martial arts. † Thank you for listening to my presentation and I hope you all know a little bit more now than you did before.

Delay and Time Essay

Time never returns and its wise, judicious, useful utilization brings rich dividends to a person. For example, careful utilization of time on studies in young age rewards anyone with a good post afterwards and ensures a plentiful, Prosperous livelihood for the rest of life. Likewise, careful use time in youth helps a man make a prestigious place for himself in society. It earns him name, fame as well as Prosperity. But the tragedy is that many of us have absolutely no idea of the value of time in life. We perform our jobs in a haphazard way, miss appointments with ease and arrive late for any appointment, however important it may be. It is too hate for us to learn, much to our grief that time and tide wait for no man. Due respect for time rewards us with wealth as well as success. When a work is delayed, the time which could have been profitably used is wasted. Time lost is lost forever. There is no dearth of people in this world who complain that they have never had any luck and so have remained poor. But the reality, however, is that many cases of poverty are on account of the wasted opportunities and deferred tasks. Don’t forget that quite often we have to pay a very heavy price for delaying things. The person who prolongs taking insurance of his house usually regrets his folly, when the house is gutted by a sudden fire. Delay in the treatment of a disease may lead to its worsening and may, finally, even result in death. The student, who goes on postponing studies, never gets time to prepare for the examination and does very badly at the end. He remains under great mental strain and may even get confused in the examination hall at the time of writing his answers. A timely action in any direction, whatsoever, is a guarantee for success and perfection. This is why the wise often say ‘A stitch in time saves nine.’ There are a number of other proverbs conveying almost the same meaning. Thus we say : â€Å"Make hay while the sun shines; strike while the iron is hot; time and tide wait for none ; and â€Å"never put off till tomorrow, what you can do today.† But at the same time, we also have a few proverbs which contradict these proverbs. We say: â€Å"Haste makes waste; more haste, less speed; look before you leap† and â€Å"slow and steady wins the race.† But all these contradictory pieces of advice say only to be judicious and thoughtful. None of them asks you to waste an opportunity. In our limited period of short life, we have lots of things to do and hence the urgent need of managing our time properly and make the best use of each and every moment at our disposal. We shall be saved from regret, stress, tension and humiliation and will be able to make all-round progress, only if we understand properly how dangerous delay is and how important and precious time is!