Business Ethics in China Essay

Topic 1: How can you as an MBA student apply Prof. Christensen’s ideas to your own life? When your life draws to a close, what traits, goals, achievements, or characteristics do you think you will place most value on? Before I watch the video and article from Prof. Christensen, I place most value on my achievements that are related to money. I have been taught and influenced that money is a valuable resource such that my personality trait will be that of a diligent, hardworking person who spends cautiously. I work hard and achieve success at work; I continue to go to business school because the influences from the past impact my values and beliefs in the ability to perform successfully at work. However, Prof. Christensen is right that this is not the way to measure your success especially when your life draws to a close. Be loving, sympathetic, concerned, respectful are the valuable goals that I will place most value on. It is very difficult in today’s society especially life tends to get so busy to make money that we forget to allocate resources to our most valued relationships such as our parents, wife/husband, children or even our friends. You can gain respects from people base on your achievements or money that you make, but this is only considered as small wins, in order to achieve your big win in your whole life, only morality and virtue count. Ã¥ ° Ã¨ ´ Ã©   Ã¦â„¢ ºÃ¯ ¼Å' Ã¥ ¤ §Ã¨ ´ Ã©   Ã¥ ¾ ·. Topic 2: i) Think about your current or previous employer: what CSR theory did/does that company ascribe to? Please provide examples of why. My current employer ascribe to ethical theories, which focus on ethical requirements between business and society. The business natures are catalogue and home improvement business with 2 brands and offer over 40,000 different types of products to consumers in UK. With over 45,000 containers of products are imported annually, the primarily focus on CSR is the reduction of environmental impacts to the society such as reducing waste, carbon footprints and energy consumption in order to reinforce their corporate reputation. Every year, the business will show how much waste has been reduced in each retail store to increase public awareness. For example last year, over 90% of waste is now recycled, overall waste produced has reduced by a further 10% year on year and overall carbon footprint has decreased by 9%. By showing this, customers can realize how much effort that the business has put in CSR and continue to shop. Topic 2: (ii) Pretend you are starting a new company. What CSR theory would you choose to use for your new company? Why? I would consider ethical theories, which focus on the right thing to achieve a good society. Nowadays, consumers expect companies to consider their impact on society as much as their own business interests. Business could damage their profitability by failing to demonstrate they are genuinely committed to CSR. The four mentioned areas under ethical theories in the article, sustainable development is getting more and more important. By reducing the impact we have on the environment and supporting the society in which we live and work, we can engage with our customers and colleagues and therefore enhance the company’s reputation, which is the most valuable asset. Most importantly, this is not only relating to the company’s grow, but also the company’s culture. It will become a culture that you, your employees and the community genuinely believe in. Therefore, I believe that running a responsible business to society makes good business sense. Topic 3: Which perspective do you think is correct, or are they both wrong? Why? If the law and public opinion were not a factor, would you be willing to employ children at your company, or use a supplier who used child labor? For both of the perspectives, I cannot agree they are reflecting the real situation of the factory workers in China and as well as the Chinese factories. To begin with, people always make judgments on Chinese factories that they should sacrifice some profitability to provide better working environment; however, people focus too much on the upstream of the supply chain but neglect the downstream where the actual demand is coming from. Between 1980s and 1990s, China was criticized by most of the international organizations because of its violations of basic human rights. However, when globalization comes in place, multinational firms from most of the countries that criticizing the China’s violations began to do considerable amount of investments to China in 1990s and 2000s. They started to move their manufacturing activities to China because of valuable opportunities, resources, cheap labor force and most importantly, multinational firms do not have to conduct their business in other countries like China by following the ethical rules when they are conducting the same business in their home country. They continue to practice this action irrespective of Chinese government’s carelessness to its own citizens. In addition, the increasing competition in the global market has led multinational firms to squeeze their suppliers to lower their costs in order to maintain or increase their profit margins and competitiveness. These are very typical cases from Toys â€Å"R† Us, Home Depot and Wal-Mart that they have said they will not tolerate price rises. Chinese factories where most of the products are manufactured from, they have no choice but cut down their costs in the areas of working environment, labor salary and benefits. As a result, not only the Chinese companies should consider lower the profitability to provide better working environment for their workers, multinational companies should consider the same or do additional investment in order to purchase their products with lower costs. Secondly, I counter agree that Chinese workers are willing to work for less money and accept harsher working conditions as a comparative advantage. In the 1980s, migrant workers account for the largest work force in the China’s special economic zones where Western companies set up their businesses. These migrant workers’ main goal is to make enough money and then go back home for a better life. Nowadays, major cultural shifts in China have changed workers’ attitudes. Leslie Chang stated in her speech that the new generation of Chinese workers aged around 17 to 19, they leave their home from thousands miles away and work in the factories not only because of the money but to explore the world. Besides, they continue to work so hard to improve their knowledge and skill set because they believe the job in the factory is the first stepping-stone for them to find a better job and thus, a better life in the future . Furthermore, this generation of Chinese workers starts to build constructive dialogue with managers about their problems, which means they are becoming active participants in the process of change rather than passive recipients. The reason for all the above changes is because they would like to learn, grow and success in their lives. As a result, if multinational companies would like to hire and retain Chinese workers, I believe starting from this generation of Chinese workers, nonmonetary incentives such as training, time off and community building might help multinational companies attract and retain workers in China. As multinational firms start to do investment in China, most of the manufacturing activities have been moved to China for the purpose of cost reduction. China’s economy growth takes off like a rocket and so does China’s child labor issues. Although China government has official regulations banning the employment of teenagers (age under 16) or pre-adolescents from poorer regions of China, there is still an increasing number of juvenile laborers have been drawn to the rapidly developing southern and coastal areas looking for jobs such as in toy production, garments, food production and light mechanical work in the factories. Some people argue that this is extremely unethical because they deserve to go to school for education. But some people counter argue that parents of juvenile workers have little choice but to send their children off to work because they can’t afford school fees. In a sense, it represents a substantial portion of much-needed income to poor families. Without the law and public opinion as a factor, it sounds reasonable that juvenile workers can provide a new workforce to the booming market in China as well as sustaining their poor families; however, apart from the basic human rights violation of the children, this market is risking the children’s lives that they are the future asset of China. From factory owner’s point of view, the true value of juvenile workers is not only about the cost, they are more desirable than adults due to smaller hands and eyesight undamaged. In addition, they learn themselves are often reluctant to complain because they know the critical nature of their financial contributions to their family. Unfortunately, both parents and juvenile workers don’t have a clear idea of the poor working conditions and physical risks inherent in their jobs. I read an article from the Human Rights Watch, the reporter mentioned â€Å"†¦for example, has left children disabled with eye damage, lung disease, stunted growth, and a susceptibility to arthritis as they grow older†¦Ã¢â‚¬  The children are forced to work under these harsh conditions and the deficiency situation can cost them more than their hands and fingers, sometimes their lives as well. Juvenile workers are much less aware of workplace hazards than the adult workers. This low awareness in the public about child safety and protection provides a breeding ground for both exploitation and potential disaster. Sadly, their families are still willing to take this chance because they know they have no other choices to support the family. Other than the hazard-working environments, the reporter from Human Rights Watch discovered the juvenile worker’s living areas. The reporter described â€Å"the cramped 200-square meter workshop was it, and that at night they slept on or under their worktables.† With such living environments, juvenile workers are not able to have a healthy physical and mental development. It’s the cause of destruction for many children’s lives; child labor does not give children a chance to live a normal life. To conclude, child labor is a serious matter that not only affects the children as the future asset of China, it also has a great impact to the long-term economic development in China. Because of its tremendous effect, it’s not something that can be eliminated in one day, or possibly even a decade. However, the first step in helping a problem is to learn about it, to have further studies into the root causes of the problem to be carried out. I believe the fundamental root causes are the growing earning disparity in China and the failure of the Chinese education system to provide adequate and affordable education to all children. Until the root causes have been addressed, the only thing that we can do is to report, ban and penalized all child labor related activities. We shouldn’t allow companies in China or their suppliers to employ juvenile workers.

Philosophy Of Life And Education Education Essay

The delay and grueling hours of survey and fulfilment of academic demands will shortly be over. I meet the chance of graduating from this University with a grade in Business Finance with assorted feelings. First, there is alleviation that all the hours that I have put in order to accomplish this stepping rock into the universe of concern have eventually paid off. Second, there is pride that I was able to carry through so much non merely academically but besides for my ain personal development within the continuance of my class in the University. Third, there is besides the fright that I feel comes of course to every alumnus as he steps out of a familiar environment and into an unfamiliar one. I know, along with every alumnus this twelvemonth, that the existent universe of work will be much tougher than the academia. However, I am confident that with my strong background in broad instruction and in my field of specialisation, I will be able to see my ends to fruition. There are three primary ends in my life at this peculiar clip which emphasize on household, personal, and societal duties. My first end is to take a successful calling as a man of affairs as I fulfill the household duty of pull offing the household concern. Having come from a traditional Eastern household, I am expected to take over the reins of the concern which my ascendants have labored to set up in order to procure the demands of the household. When I graduate, I will apprentice under my male parent until I have adequate experience to personally run the palm oil concern that my household owns. In my civilization, household ever comes foremost. This is my manner of honouring all the forfeits that my parents have done for me in order to supply me with a nice life and an first-class instruction. As my parents progress in age, it is the duty of the kids to take attention of them in their retirement. This is why my first major end at this point in my life is to instantly use all that I have learned to back up my household and prolong our support. My 2nd end is of a personal nature. Finally, I want to prosecute a alumnus grade in order to heighten my cognition in concern direction. Obtaining a maestro ‘s grade in concern disposal in the close hereafter will be of great aid to me professionally. On a personal degree, I recognize that larning does non stop and must be pursued continually. In add-on to executing the duties that one ‘s household expects of you, one should besides see one ‘s personal growing and development as a major end. My 3rd end relates to societal duty in relation to concern as a profession. During several categories I attended, I learned and appreciated the duty for concerns to do a positive impact to the community. I consider it an duty particularly for concerns rooted in the environment, like the oil concern. I had frequently considered puting up a scholarship fund for qualified yet disadvantaged kids in my community. There are many who are deprived of the basic demands in life such as instruction that need aid from those who can supply it for them. I do non believe that the impact of my instruction should interpret into doing the most addition for the benefit of the household concern I will shortly pull off. Rather, as Wood ( 1999 ) stated, the societal duty of concerns includes the designation and rating of concern results non sole of fiscal profitableness or a company ‘s wellbeing but by rules such as moralss and societal desirableness. I believe that ethical behavior of concern and profitableness are non reciprocally sole. Ethical motives and societal duty encouragement concern while at the same clip lending positively to the society in general. I recognize of class, that the universe is undergoing several societal, economic and political turbulences. The recent planetary crises and the outstanding dirts affecting planetary corporations Enron and AIG have had several deductions for the universe of concern. Political differences all over the universe – the Israeli-Palestine struggle, terrorist act, the atomic menace posed by Iran and North Korea, and the crude oil wars – affect lives and concerns around the universe. Peace remains elusive. Without peace, the chance of economic and societal development becomes even dimmer. Furthermore, the job of clime alteration besides presents several deductions for concerns including the concern that I will shortly take. Erratic conditions forms lead to drought, torrential rains, landslides, storms and works disease which will impact the palm oil concern negatively. My hopes for the universe within the following five decennaries are many. First, I look frontward to a more sus tainable and greenish universe. Because of my engagement in the palm oil industry, I feel that I can make my portion in conveying this about. In the palm oil concern, the environment is ever a primary concern. Palm oil companies are invariably pressured by environmental groups to cut down their environmental impact, which I think is merely fitting since the industry itself relies on sustainable environments to do their concerns grow. I believe that palm oil concerns should endeavor to implement schemes that would do palm cultivation work harmoniously and non negatively with the environment. Aside from saving and re-afforestation attempts, there should besides be clear waies in research and development to come up with ways for sustainable palm oil cultivation and to develop environmentally-friendly fuel. The palm oil industry presently presents an alternate to ozone-harmful crude oil energy with biodiesel and oleo-chemicals. It is of import that these attempts are carried on for the benefit of a greener universe. Second, I besides hope for a more socially responsible concern sector. One of the most dramatic realisations I had while in college is the judgement that most concerns operate with net income as the lone end. Several industries around the Earth have left devastated environments, deforested lands, and polluted Waterss. Furthermore, corruptness and maliciousness besides hound the corporate sector following the recent batch of dirts affecting the top foreman of fiscal corporations. I feel that supplying an illustration to other concern leaders and concern proprietors on working ethically in the behavior of one ‘s concern will be important. In this mode, I feel I can someday lend to making a more socially responsible concern sector. However wishful I am to see this hope realized, I recognize that most business communities refuse to take the ethical position. I believe that the perceptual experience of many in the concern sector is that net income is the primary purpose, the societal duty ends are simply optional. I believe that non being able to determine future concern leaders to go more socially sensitive is a defect of modern twenty-four hours instruction. Education in the schoolroom has failed to interpret into work forces and adult females who care about the universe and who are capable of looking at things from a larger position. This is one of the chief grounds I am thankful that my college instruction has become an empowering experience for me. In the past, I used to be apathetic to the events that form and reshape the universe. My involvement has merely been self-preservation and self-advancement. The twenty-four hours I stepped into the university, I resolved that I will make everything I can to stand out and do my household proud of me. However, the lessons and classs I have taken have forced me to re-evaluate my ain ends and positions in life. As C.S. Lewis stated, the emancipating character of instruction transforms a pupil from â€Å" an stubborn small package of appetencies â €  toward â€Å" the good adult male and the good citizen † ( qtd. in Dunn 1 ) . As I graduate, I hope to go that adult male C.S. Lewis was mentioning to. A college instruction has done so much in pitching me towards that way. First, a college instruction has developed my ability to believe independently. Because of the diverse lessons that I have learned inside the schoolroom, from the humanistic disciplines, doctrine, political scientific discipline, and economic sciences, I have become person who can believe for himself. Before, I used to organize no sentiments about most things or issues. Yet, a college instruction has made me more opinionative and comparatively free from the confines of traditional or conventional thought. Second, it has made me more critical of the sentiments of others as good. The inclination for pupils or kids is to trust on the wisdom of those who are more experient than they are. As I learned more and endeavoured to educate myself on issues that impact me as a citizen, I found that I no longer cleaving to what my parents or equals say and think. The more sceptered my head has become, the more I can show myself. Third, a college instruction has besides led me to appreciate diverse ness in assorted signifiers. The authorization that comes from instruction allows us to see the universe from a wider lens. By larning about different civilizations, theories, and contexts, I have become more occupied to the survey of history and civilization. I admit that, being of Eastern descent, I carry with me several biass and preconceived impressions about people, events, and issues. The more I learned, nevertheless, the more I realized that I was incorrectly in most of these beliefs. I have besides developed the accomplishment to set things into the proper context and justice with an unfastened and critical head. A college instruction has besides helped me understand the universe better. It has opened my eyes to a diverse set of doctrines and accounts of phenomena that I have ne'er even dared to cognize approximately. Before I started college, many things remained cryptic or dazing to me. For case, I failed to understand why Islamic extremism exists and why people would make hideous Acts of the Apostless such as suicide bombardment. I besides could non appreciate why there are feminist motions around the universe and why generative rights is such a immense issue. Because these subjects were discussed in category, my eyes were opened for the first clip. Although I admit that taking it all in posed a great trouble, the of import thing was, unlike in the past where I was blind to such issues or phenomena, I have now learned an account for them. I enjoyed most of the assigned readings and besides exhausted clip reading books that were of a personal involvement to me. Possibly the most memorable book and philosopher I greatly appreciate and find inspirational is Nobel Prize laureate Bertrand Russell and his books, including his autobiographies. I admire his glare and his echt concern for the human race, with this quotation mark from The Autobiography of Bertrand Russell: Three passions, simple but overpoweringly strong, have governed my life: the yearning for love, the hunt for cognition, and intolerable commiseration for the agony of world. These passions, like great air currents, have blown me hither and thither, in a contrary class, over a deep ocean of anguish, making to the really brink of desperation. aˆÂ ¦ This has been my life. I have found it deserving life, and would lief populate it once more if the opportunity were offered me ( Russell 3-4 ) . Russell ‘s eternal captivation with the human spirit is something I wish for myself. With all my experiences in college, I feel the demand to construct on that cognition more and more. In the past, I could see myself a inactive scholar. Largely, I take in whatever is being taught but ne'er truly do an attempt to understand or appreciate it. I besides consider myself a lazy reader, sing it a load to bury myself in a few pages of books and analyse its contents. My strong suit has ever been in Numberss and mathematics. My life in college has changed the manner I take in cognition. When I majored in finance, I was able to appreciate how Numberss and mathematic calculations are being applied in concern. This made me more interested and more committed to my specialisation. Furthermore, I have found myself prosecuting others when discoursing societal issues and showing my sentiment when I have something to state. These betterments with myself and my methods of larning I can impute to the broad instruction provided to me and the inspiration I derived from the books and philosophers I have read. A broad instruction creates the all-around person. This is what it means to me. Broad instruction plants under the premiss that the ultimate end adult male is to go â€Å" to the full human. † To be to the full human requires non merely that work forces can be able to believe but to interpret this thought into the public presentation of our responsibilities as members of society. Hence, broad instruction does non restrict itself to the remarkable undertaking of preparation persons for the work force. While fiting people with the accomplishments they need for future employment, broad instruction, harmonizing to C.S. Lewis ( 1999 ) , â€Å" conserves civilisation by bring forthing sensible work forces and responsible citizens † ( p. 18 ) . This is after all, what sets us apart from the animate beings. Men should move non merely out of the demand for self-preservation and needs satisfaction, they should be able to be free from basic appetencies and utilize their head to ju dge what is right and incorrect for them and for society. Before, I failed to appreciate why I need to take classs in political scientific discipline or sociology or doctrine – topics which I felt were irrelevant to my major in concern finance. I realized subsequently on that an instruction with a strong background in broad humanistic disciplines provides a more comprehensive position of the universe and completes the partial position provided by one field of specialisation. If I focused on one country of cognition, my position of the universe is uncomplete. My capacity to believe critically, justice, and move upon that judgement would be limited because I lack the information demand to do wiser determinations. Hence, I began to look at my major as merely one piece of the mystifier and that cognition requires several pieces to be patched together. Several of these pieces could merely be completed with general cognition provided by a broad humanistic disciplines instruction. Broad humanistic disciplines provides all-around instruction by giving pupils a diverse organic structure of cognition and the critical thought, analytic and scrutiny accomplishments to set these thoughts into their proper context and do sense out of them. Decidedly, the broad humanistic disciplines classs I took had a liberating consequence on me. As I earlier stated, I used to look at the universe in mere Numberss and mathematics. I cared less for what was go oning around me – in the societal and political environment. As a consequence, I had several prejudices and biass which were a contemplation of my hapless background in general cognition. In this mode, instruction as a whole has become non merely necessary, but meaningful to my future profession and to my personal life. After I graduate from college, I intend to prosecute a maestro ‘s grade in order to go a fiscal analyst. I expect to read several books in finance and concern disposal. Along with these required books, I besides intend to read on moralss, doctrine and the environment to assist me accomplish the three major ends I have set for myself as I graduate from college. I want to be a good man of affairs non merely in footings of the profitableness and productiveness of my concern but because of how ethically sound I conduct my concern. My personal mission statement in one sentence is: To go to the full human and being a positive force in society by populating with honestness, compassion, and duty. In the professional sense, I want to be able to take the household concern with efficiency and profitableness while adhering to the ethical criterions and rules required of socially responsible concerns. I want to lend, in my capacity as a future man of affairs and fiscal analyst, to a greener and more sustainable Earth by advancing environmental-friendly policies and researches. Furthermore, I want to put an illustration for the concern sector in making concern responsibly.

Discussion on Evidence Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Discussion on Evidence Law - Essay Example Evidence must conform to certain rules in order to be admissible. At the trial of A, witness W1 indicated that A and another person was seen packaging white powder. Witness W2 indicated that A was heard telling to someone that B and A would be selling stuff in a few months. W1 again testified that A and B met H on a trip to Sydney who sold amphetamines and wanted A and B to sell these in Canberra. W2 further testified that A and B were seen injecting amphetamines. So the evidence for the cases can be summarised as follows: 2. W1 - seen A and B on a trip to Sydney where they met H who sells amphetamines and asked A and B for partnerships. This evidence may be relevant as it provides as clear lead that A and B were having business plans with H who sells amphetamines Here some of the elements of evidence are excluded as items 3 and 1. According to the evidence given here, it may be suggested that the other items of evidence are relevant as the facts of the issue are more or less likely (see in Odgers, 2004). Evidence that on four consecutive days in February 2005 A purchased packets of 'Polecat' brand pseudoephedrine to a total of twenty packets from three chemists in various Canberra suburbs. It is accepted that pseudoephedrine is a core constituent of amphetamines. EFTPOS records showing that various pieces of apparatus which can... 4. W2 - seen A and B using and injecting amphetamines. This is a relevant evidence as it suggests that A and B were habituated with the uses of amphetamines. The evidence is strong against A and B who are suspected of selling and encouraging the use of narcotics that is illegal and severely punished. Here some of the elements of evidence are excluded as items 3 and 1. According to the evidence given here, it may be suggested that the other items of evidence are relevant as the facts of the issue are more or less likely (see in Odgers, 2004). QUESTION 2 (10 MARKS) The prosecution will seek to lead the following evidence at the trial of A: Evidence that on four consecutive days in February 2005 A purchased packets of 'Polecat' brand pseudoephedrine to a total of twenty packets from three chemists in various Canberra suburbs. It is accepted that pseudoephedrine is a core constituent of amphetamines. EFTPOS records showing that various pieces of apparatus which can be used in the production of amphetamines and which closely resemble, but are not identifiable as, some of the items found in C's premises were purchased from a wholesaler in Sydney using A's EFTPOS card on December 13 2004. Evidence from a witness, W3 who worked at the wholesaler's Sydney premises, that J, with whom A has been living in a de facto relationship for some years, was the person who purchased the items. EFTPOS records showing that A's EFTPOS card was used to purchase petrol in Sydney on five occasions in November and December 2004 including on December 13 2004. Evidence from a witness, W4, that A habitually gave J his EFTPOS card to use. Is this evidence admissible and if so on what

Annotated Bibliography Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 9

Annotated Bibliography - Essay Example The theory profoundly affects the international students or the students who study abroad. The students tend to acquire a different identity and personality when they go to foreign countries. They acquire personalities and identities similar to those of the destination country as they spend most of their time with the native students. In conceptualizing psychology defines the social identity theory as the self-construct and self-referential, the concept of who someone is. The social identity theory explains the observable differences in behavior of an individual as a person and the same individual as a member of a group. Karkouti (2014) explores the psychological social identity theory and its effects on the behavior of an individual. The link between the group and the individual starts with the concept of self-bounded cognitive schema that is a form of implicit identity. The cognitive schema as stated by Karakouti (2004) consists of several issues about self. The cognitive concepts are of two types namely the core concepts and the peripheral concepts. The core concepts are those that allow individuals to maintain their enduring personality while the peripheral concepts are those that allow an individual to be in a position to adapt to various situations. The core concepts of self-cognition helps in constraining the individual and promote selective processing and interpretation of information thus preserving a stable and a more enduring personal identity (Karakouti, 2004). Imamura, M., & Zhang, Y. B. (2014). Functions of the common ingroup identity model and acculturation strategies in intercultural communication: American host nationals’ communication with Chinese international students. International Journal Of Intercultural Relations, 43(Part B), 227-238. Imamura & Zhang (2014) describes the relevance and the effects of social identity theory on the foreign students. The social identity affects the culture,

Past Sport Experience Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Past Sport Experience - Assignment Example For my case, successful management of sports organizations must incorporate possession of skills, experience, knowing the sport well and having the aggression and power (Masterman, 2014). There are various reasons as to why I support the assertion. First, you cannot manage a sport you lack information on or don’t know very. It hence entails knowing the sport such that during unfair play and favoritism from the referee, the manager can always defend the team. If one lacks knowledge about the game, they can always be made injustice at during decisions. In English Premier League, for instance, the manager of a Chelsea Team Jose Mourinho, once played football as his profession, worked as an interpreter of English for a coach and later started his career as a coach. This means that he gathered prior knowledge about football first before venturing into coaching (Headline, 2015). Second, being a successful manager requires the aggression, skill, and power. In America, for instance, the best coaches and team managers of all time such as Vince Lombardi had the aggression, skill, and power of managing teams such as Green Bay Packers in NFL. Lombardi worked on a principle that â€Å"Winning is Everything†. This assisted him to gain the vigor, energy, and determination required of him to successfully steer the team to success (Masterman, 2014). Third, one must always have experience in the sports before they manage them well. Lack of experience makes one lack the feeling the players always have on the field. When one is tired or injured, an experienced manager will be able to identify it so fast and make the necessary changes without any form of hesitation. Additionally, a manager with experience will always know the perfect substitute in case a player is injured or is out. This is because they have studied and understood the playing capabilities of their players.  

Theories of Nationalism and Ethnicity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Theories of Nationalism and Ethnicity - Essay Example This is what they call the â€Å"Toyota Way†. Whatever characteristics it may carry, it must be systemic, truly lasting and valuable to them. Along this line, the main concern of this paper is the Japanese ethnicity prominent in the Japanese-based Toyota Motor Corporation (TMC). The intended framework is to scrutinize the uniqueness of the much researched management style_ the â€Å"Toyota Way† at the same time determine which sociological perspectives and paradigms that would apply to the characteristics of Toyota’s Japanese ethnicity as well as determine how it has given great impact to the success of TMC. This paper seeks to draw some answers to questions like has Japanese ethnicity posed more of a problem or an advantage to TMC? What techniques does TMC use on its people to be able to build and attain such reputation which won the confidence of the public to patronize TMC’s quality-made vehicles and services within a Western-dominated work area? What i s this Toyota Way? How does Japanese ethnicity affect the quality performance of TMC? This academic exercise would attempt to relate selected socio-ethnical principles to the established ethos or principles used by TMC as well as possibly draw out some answers whether these principles overlap, contradict or complement each other? It is then within these parameters that the discussion on this paper will revolve. On the other hand, the limitation of this paper will only be on the time frame used to feature actual conditions of TMC as this paper uses data and time series, specifically a year before to date or prior to the March 11, 2011 tsunami disaster and nuclear meltdown. Keywords: Toyota Way, Ethnicity, Ethnocentrism, Corporate culture Toyota Motor Corporation’s Domain Before interpolating the sociological perspectives of ethnicity to TMC’s management principles and to understand better the subject understudy, it is important to have knowledge first of Toyota Motor Co rporation, its corporate philosophy, values, vision, and how it operates. TMC’s domain belongs to the automotive industry and thus, its main product is the automobile. However, â€Å"TMC today has expanded its business to other non-automotive related business activities to include: community livelihood support, education, financial services, among others. Their stakeholders include: customers, business partners (dealers and suppliers), investors, consumers, nongovernmental organisations government, community, stockholders.†(â€Å"Toyota Company Overview†, 2011) A Window to Toyota Motor Corporation (TMC) Toyota’s Significant Achievements Through the years, â€Å"Toyota has repeatedly outperformed its competitors in quality, reliability, productivity, cost reduction, sales and market share growth, and market capitalization† (Spear, 2010). TMC, within its domain, has gained public confidence in the quality of its luxurious, economical and environmenta l-friendly vehicles and other hi-tech products it produced. It has also expanded to venture on enhanced advanced technology products like robotics, prototyped environment-friendly electric cabs; spearheaded activities that lessen carbon emission in the environment and in its other involvement related to its aspiration to actualize its corporate social responsibility. Not to forget, TMC has expanded also its non-automotive activities like community education and livelihood support packages as

Trends in Arabic Music Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Trends in Arabic Music - Essay Example Trends in Arabic Music Music The Arabic music that is now heard is known for the rich styles, evolution of popular trends and different implications within the entertainment industry. Recently, the popular music has expanded into international reaches that are able to present the ideologies of the culture. This moves into the folkloric elements, which use specific instrumentation and rhythms which are known throughout Arabia. These musical productions are combined with the newer elements of technology, specifically with the ability to present the music through performances, television and other multimedia images. Combining these factors has allowed the trends in Arabic music to expand and to move into the popular ideologies that reflect the culture while allowing the music to be one which is equal to the popular concepts that are now used within society (Aziz, 1). There are several divisions with the popular Arabic music which continue to set trends throughout the region. The first is known as Rai, which i s the most accepted type of music in the world today, specifically because it associates with the folk type instruments and rhythms while combining with the technology of today. . This is combined with the Sudanese and Nubian rhythms that are within the society, both which consist of fast paced rhythms, polyphonic accents and movements in the music that are specific to the Arabic culture. The rise of Arabic popular music; however, was led by the Egyptian style music through pop stars such as Amr Diab. This has created a hybrid of the Rai and specific rhythms while combining the tribal sounds with the up to date electronics known to many as the new world music (Werner, 1). Creating a Musical Style The overall trends in popular music have also led to specific styles which are now identified as Arabic in nature. This consists of both images and sounds which are used among Arabic music and which distinguish the various features of those that are listening to the music. The first part of this is based on combining the current situations with the ideologies of musical style within the region. The strong commitment to religion, secular beliefs with love and fulfillment in life and leisure activities is the main themes which are presented among those interested in the popular music. This is combined with the ideologies of art, leisure and entertainment as reflecting the ideas of society specifically with making statements about the beliefs and conditions which are in the region. The musical style is then able to create a hybrid component with the folkloric elements that drive the rhythm and sound while creating a style that is reflective of the themes of religion and relationships within the Arabic world (Neiuwkerk, 169). Another component which is now reflected in the musical style is coming from the ideal of moving into globalization. Many of the musical styles are now reflecting the elements of hybrid forms of art and transcultural realities. There are several popu lar trends which are showing this with the musical styles that are present within society. For instance, reality TV is creating a sense of critical transculturalism, which is based on political, economic and cultural changes of the time. Politically and economically, the Arabic world has changed into one which is intertwined with the associations of the Western world and